During the Oligocene (33.9 - 23.03 million years ago) the territory of Fayoum was represented by subtropical and tropical lowlands. The moist soils of the coastal plain, fed by heavy seasonal rainfalls, were favorable for a variety of flora and fauna, inhabited here. Large concentrations of petrified (or silificated) trees were found in the area of ​​Gebel Katrani.

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